Improvement in machine for breaking, scotching



N. PETERS, FHOTLITHOGRAFHER, WASHINGTON, D C.

i iil-ti i rt g gli I ARD OF NEW '0R-OSS, ASSIGNOR :TO JOHN E-LIOT HODGKllN, i OELWAERPoOL, ENGLAND. Y

f Letters Parmi No'. 103,135, dated May 1,7, 1870.

y mPRonvr-.MENT I N MACHIN ron QREAKING, sco'fronme, AND sEPAR-ATINGT'IBROUS M4TERIAL.'

The Schedule referred to in these iettex'aPat'ent' and making parte! the eamo I, `EDWARD Benzina, of New Gross, in the county of Kent, England, engineer, have invented certain fOUOWiUg is a specification. i

This invention relates, iirs't, to machinery for breaking, scutchiug, softening, discharging, and separating "the bers of fibrous. materials (such as iiax, hemp,

Chinagrass, and others) from the boom for the subsequent processesfof bleaching, carding, combing, and

` spinning.

For this purpose I arrang'fb'y preference, a series `of three or more rollers around theA circumference of a drum 'or cylinder of large diameter, I1 do not, however,

confine 4myself to any particular number of such .rollers, as one or other number may rlie-employed.

.lhe rollers and the druni'or cylinder, thus arranged towork together, maybe either plain, iiuted or serrated, or may have corrugated teeth formed thereon, as may be found most suitable for the treatment of different kinds of fibrous materia-ls.`

A reciprocating rotary motion is communicated to the drum or cylinder by suitable mechanism alternately in opposite direct-ions, the movement in one direction, or forward, being greater than in the backward di rection.

The fibrous material'to be operated upon is fed into ,the 'machine between thedrum and theroller or rollers, upon its circumference, andafter moving acer' tain distance forward the movement of the drum or `cylinder is reversed by tlie'action of thedriving gear, so as `to cause the fibrous materialsto travel backward part of thedist-ance it had previously been fed v The drum or cylinder is then again'causedto move the fibrous material forward the-.samedistance as bef fore, by whiclra portion-of thefibrous material, after being operated upon by the rollers in opposite directions, is fed forward a. givend'stance-,fand itis 'thus deliveredA from between thedrum and rollers upon a frame of bars or a perforated surface, where it is subl jected 4totirghaction of a revolving brush or' beaters, `in-order to brush or beat out the refuse or woody particles separatedV from the fibers during their passage between the drum androllers. A.

'The fibrous materials may, if desired, be passed first through a machine of'tliis character, in'which the Isurfacesv 'of the drum and rollersl are serrated, tinted, or corrugated,-,and afterward through' a. similar machine having a, drum and rollers with plain orl v,smooth surfaces.' y, n

4.lhe revolving beaters vmay be made of vulcanized IIndia rubber, or other elastic material, or they'may i be composed,partlywof'beaters and` partlyV of brush surfaces. Suitable feed-rollers or apparatus may be arranged to work in' ucombination with the machinery previously described.

The forward movement of the fibrous materials may, if desired, be arrested for a itime, whilst the .brnsher or beaters are allowed to act-for a timeupon thestationary fibrous material previously fed forward to be so acted upon.

When Voperating upon fleshy fibers, such as the aloe, or upon bers combined wit-h a considerable quantity ofret'use matters-,f1 prefer to discharge streams or jets Vof Water upon the same as they pass over the surface of the drum or cylinder, orthe rollers may be arranged to work on the under side of the drum or cylinder in a vessel containing water, an endless band being arranged upon the rollers to conduct the .fibrous material below the 'surface of the. water whilst under operation in its passage to and fro between the drum and rollers. l, 'lhe fibrous material may thus be subjected to a washing and discharging process, if desired.

The second part of my invention consists in arranging such machine y for glazing or calendering woven fabrics. A

The'drum and' rollers, 'which -in this arrangement have plain Apolished surfaces, are caused to rotate al, ternately in opposite directions, as previously described,

.the forward'movement being in excess of the backward ymovement thereof'.

The wovcn fabrics to be glazed or caleudered are fed into 'the machine and operated upon alternately inv opposite directions between the polished surfaces of the drum and rollers, so. as" to glaze or calender the same.

The saiddrntn and rollers may be'heated by steam or otherwise, in order to dry the fabrics as tbey pass between' them, the position of the rollers being'capableef variation in relation to the surface of the drum o r-cylinder, s o that the fabrics may be caused to'V travel over alarger or smaller surface of the heated drum or cylinder, as may be found necessary for drying the same. The brush and beaters in thisfarrange ment of machinery are dispensed with.

Description of the Drawings,

lFigures l and 2` are elevations of the two opposite sides of my improved machine forl breaking, scutelr ing, and dressing fibrous materials.' Figure 3 is a'n end view of the same. l l Figure 4 is a transverse vertical section on the-line x x, 'ti-g. 1.-

Figurev is a longitudinal vertical section on the flinefy y, g. 3.

Figures 6 and vr"are -side elevations illustrating modifications inthe mechanism for producing the reciprocating motion of the rollers.

Figure 8 is a vertical section of my machine, with parts arranged for softening and discharging the fibrous materials.

Figures 9 and 10 illustrate the machine adapted for glazing or calender-ing woven fabrics.

Like letters n indicate same parts throughout the drawings.

The rollers o are arranged round the upper circumference of the drum or cylinder l), which is of amm-h larger diameter than the rollers.

The drum b, as shown in the drawings, is corrugated or flutcd, the rollers c being also tinted or corrugated so as to gear with and be driven by the drum l1.

I do not, however, confine myself to the use of such tinted rollers, but, as hcreinbefore stated, may use rollers havingpiain surfaces, or otherwise, according to the nature of the fiber to be operated upon, and it may be necessary, where the said drum and rollers are not geared together, as shown, to impart' moton'thereto by ordinary toothed or other driving gear, as will be. well understood.

Ihe drum b is mounted on the shaft of, and, in the machine illustrated in figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, is caused to rotate alternately in opposite directions by the following mechanism.

Below the drum b is a second or intermediate shaft, c, which receives motion'from the main driving shaft d, this shaft having suitable fast aud-loose pulleys mounted thereon, and the two shafts c d are geared together by the toothed pinion d", fixed on the shaft (I, which takes into and drives lthe wheel c fixed on the shaft c.

Upon the ond of the shaft al is a wheel, e, between whose flanges c are fitted anti-fretion rollers c2 which turn on the pins e". v

Upon the shaft below the wheel e is keyed the toothed sector j, audat'the other end of the said shaft is the arm f', below the wheel q, which is attached to the pinion h.

The said wheel and pinion turn together upon the stud h', and thev pinion gears into the pinion a? ou the roller shaft a" The wheel -g has anti-friction rollers like those of the wheel c. Y

lVhen themachine is working, the intermediate shaft c, lwhich carries the sector fand arm f' through the driving shaft, is caused to turn continuously in one direction, and in one part of its revolution the sector f is in gear with the wheel c, the teeth of the said sector acting upon thefriction rollers and moving the wheel (and with it the roller b) in the direct-ion of the arrow 2, till the sector is disengaged from the said wheel.

rEhen the arm f' comes round to the wheel g, and, acting upon thefriction rollers thereof, turns the said wheel, which, through the medium of the pinions h' and a2, moves the roller b in the direction of the arrow 3.'

- It will be obvious that, as the sector' fhas a lininber of teeth or arms, it will act upon the wheel e longer than the arm j acts on the wheel g, and cousequently the reciprocating motion of the rollers is longer in one direction than in the other, as hereinbefore stated.

The peculiarreciprocating motion of the rollers may also be produced by the means illustrated in fig. 6. ,lu this modification of my machine the intermediate shaft chas at each end a toothed quadrant, one of which, t, gears with the toot-hed wheel c" on the drunishaft al, causingiit to revolve inthe forward direction; the second toothed quadrant, i', which, instead ot' being directly geared with a toothed wheel on the shaft al, communicates its motion thereto, through an.

`the shaft c1.

intermediate toothed wheel, j, placed between thc toothed quadrant t", and aftoothed wheel, at. on the shaft, al.

The backward or return motion of the rollers is -less than that of the forward motion, for, in consequence of the introduction of the intermediate toothed `wheel j, theradius of the second toothed quadrant t',

and the diameter of the second toothed wheel a* are `less than those of the toothed quadrant t and the toothed wheel a3, and as their surface contact is proportionately less, it follows that the amount of motion will be diminished in the same proportion.

In the arrangement iof .parts illustrated in fig. 7, the peculiar reciprocating motiony of the rollers is obtained through the medium ofthe two pawlsk kl and ratchet-wheels l Z.

The two ratchet-\vheels, or'series of ratchet-teeth, are arrangedy in opposite directions, and Ikeyed upon AThe lever my, which carries the pawls, is fitted to turn loosely on the said shaft outside the ratchetwheels. lhe Ylever m is connected by the rod n to the eccentric o on the rotating shaft p, and this eccentric imparts a reciprocating motion to thefarm m,

thereby causing the pawls Tt L" alternately to engage with the ratchet-wheels l l', and thus move the rollers alternately in opposite directions.

The pawl kl has an arm, It?, which extends downward into contact with the picc'e'q, fixed on the frame of the machine. This piece q is so formed and arranged in relation to the arm lt2 as to throw the pawl out of gear with the ratchet l' before the arm m, has completed its backward movement,l so that the backward movement is less than the forward movement,

as required.

It is obvious that this excess of the forward over the backward motion at each successive change in the rotary motion of the drum and rollers will result in the fiber being gradually passed through thel machine..

After passing through the rollers, already described, the fiber is caused to pass, by preference, between a pair of revolving fans or heaters, 1'", which are caused to rotate with considerable velocity by au endlessstrap or baud, s, lcadiig from a pulley, d*,`on the shaft 1,'the strap or band s being, for the sake of convenience, passed over a'loose pulley, running at the side of the machine.

The fans or beaters are caused to run together by suitable gearing.,

rfter passing between thefans or beaters, the fibrous material may, if desired, be passed between a pair of rollers, t, having plain surfaces, and actuated by'an endless strap or band, or by a pinion, as shown.

From the rollers t the fibrous material is conducted onto the delivery-board u;

In place of employing a pair of beaters, arranged as previously described,.the fibrous material may be delivered upon a frame of bars or perforated surface, upon which the revolving brush or beaters act to separate the refuse matter from the fiber.

In consequence of the reciprocating motion of the rollers a and drum l), as previously described, it be# comes necessary that the fibrous materials operated upon should be fed into the machine in a suitable manner. For this purpose, in place of hating a fixed feed-board, I employ an endless band or web, w, fig. 1, passing over .two rollers w, and this band or web receives a reciprocating motion corresponding with the reciprocating motion of the rollers a, by means of an endless chain, fw, passing around a chain-wheel fixed on the drum-shaft ato and around a chainwheel, w, on the axis of one'of the rollers w. The web w is kept steady and free from sagging by passing it over a suitable board or frame, 104, fig. 6.

In order that any hard or extraneous substance which may be mixed upA with thc fibrous material being operated upon shall be allowed to pass through the machine without causing any derangement thereto, the rollers a are mounted in brasses, whichl slide in suitable bearings in the frames A, the requisite contact between the rollers and the drum being maintained by means of spiral or other springs capable of being adjusted by the set-screws A', as shown.

` In operating upon some descriptions of fibrous materials I employ jets of water, thrown upon the surface of the drum and rollers in the form of spray from the perforated pipes B.

Fig. 8 is a section of anothermodification of my invention for softening, washing, discharging, Aand this machine in a similaemannerto the Yone previi ously described, but for convenience of construct-ion the different parts communicating motion are changed in position, the shaftrc being'placed at one end of the machine instead of at the lower part thereof. v The corresponding parts are indicated by corresponding letters of reference, the nature of which will be readily understood on examining the dra-wings,

aided by the previous description thereof.

Fig. 9 is an elevation of a modification of the machine, arranged according to the second part of my invention, which has for its object the glazing or calender-ing of woven fabrics. i

l For the accomplishment of this purpose I employ a central drum or cylinder, b, as before described, the drum in this case being formed with a plain polished surface.

,On the upper side of this drum, and in contact with it, I place a roller, a, mounted in suitable bearings, and capable of adjustment, as already described.

In addition to this roller I may 1employ two other rollers a, one on either side, (see lig. 10.) These rollers a* are mounted in flames btfwhich vibrate onthe axis of thedrum b, their position in relation to the surface of the said drum being capable o'f variation by means of the curved slotted guides or arms C', so that by eleva-ting o r depressing the frames and yand rollers, the amount o f surface of the drum b passed over by the 4woven fabric is increased or dixninished as may be required.

i In order vthat the process of drying the fabric may b'e cfiiciently performed, the axes ot' the drum b and rollera are made hollow, and fitted with suitable tubes and stu'ng-boxes, through which steam or heated air, of the'requisite temperature, is introduced, and as the amount of the drum surface passed over by the fabric may benregulated, as described, so that the drying of the said fabric may be yeffected with very great facility and accuracy.

All the rollers in this arrangement of parts are constructed with plainv polished surfaces, and they are driven by similar Varrangements of gearing to that already described in connection with the other parts of my invention. y

d is the main-driving-shaft, on which are mounted the fast and loose pulleys d1. This shalt gears, by means of the toothed pinion d2, with the toothed wheel c', fixed on the intermediate shaft c, at each end of which is keyed a toothed quadrant or sector, the quadrant i being' directly geared with the toothedwheel c, which is keyed to the shaft of the drum b, and so imparts the forward motion thereto. y

The toothed quadranti at the opposite end of the shaft@a gears with the intermediate drivin T toothedwheelj, which gears with the toothed wheel a4, keyedon the -shaft al, whereby the, necessary return `mction of the drum and rollers is effected, as hereinbefore described.

` It will be seen by examining the drawings .that the same arrangement of rparts for the adjustment of the requisite amount of contact between the rollers and the drum are employed in this instance as in those previously described.

I claim as'my invention- 1. A large central drum and a'roller, or series of rollers, having either' fluted, roughened, or plain surfaces, arranged in combination and geared together and moving to and fro upon their axes, and further in one direction than in the other, for the purposes set forth.

2. The said drum and rollers, in combination with the wheels c and y, the sectorj', and arm f', and the pinions 71, and (02,01* the equivalents of these parts, substantially as and for theopurposesset forth.

3. The said drum and rollers, in combination with 'the quadrants t' and t', and toothed wheels a, j, aud

(ttor their equivalents, substantially as and for the purposes set forth. .Y

4. The said drum and rollers, in combination with the ratchet-wheels orteeth l` l', pawls k kl, arm m,

and iixedpiece q, or their equivalJents, and with the rod nf, and eccentric o, or other means for. operating the said arm, substantially as and for the purposes set forth. I

5, The large central drum and the small rollers, operating with an unequal to-and-fro motion, produced by either of the arrangements of mechanism here-in described, or by any other suitable means, in combination with the feeding devices and other parts of a machine for breaking, scutchin'g, or otherwise treating fibrous materials, or for glazing or calendering woven fabrics, subst-z'l-ntally as set forth.

lll. BRASIER. [1.. s.]

Witnesses:

WM. Ror. Lann,

H. I. Genen. 

